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dc.contributor.authorNarayan, Swati
dc.contributor.editorMalik, Ammar A
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-13T10:30:59Z
dc.date.available2022-10-13T10:30:59Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-31
dc.identifier.issn1355-2074
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/13552074.2022.2071978
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10546/621431
dc.description<html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <p>India&#8217;s National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), in the last 15 years, has evolved as the world&#8217;s largest employer of the last resort. This social protection, specifically designed as a demand-driven automatic employment stabiliser to enable households to cope with livelihood shocks, offers 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to all rural households. The budget for this unique legislative entitlement in a developing country was nearly doubled from US$8 billion in 2019&#8211;20 to $15 billion in 2020&#8211;21 to partially offset the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. After the first pandemic wave, NREGA provided employment to 76 million households &#8211; more than a third of all rural Indian families. Even though women have consistently worked more than half the NREGA person-days annually, in the midst of the pandemic women&#8217;s share of employment declined by 2 per cent in 2020&#8211;21. However, this may have been a temporary decrease due to the unprecedented mass reverse exodus of urban migrants to their rural villages. Still, state-level analysis in this research highlights the persistent under-utilisation of NREGA by women in the poorer states of the Indo-Gangetic plain. On the other hand, the southern states have higher participation of women due to a combination of factors including better human development outcomes, higher wages, and sometimes better child-care facilities at worksites, which are necessary nationwide remedies. In particular, in the state of Kerala the novel integration of the government-initiated Kudumbashree community self-help women&#8217;s groups with NREGA has led to the feminisation of the programme. This convergence provides important insights on the significance of women&#8217;s participation in the decentralised management of NREGA to dilute both gender-intensive and gender-exclusive barriers, which could be fruitfully replicated nationwide.</p> </body> </html>en_US
dc.format.extent31en_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.publisherOxfam KEDVen_US
dc.publisherOxfam Brazilen_US
dc.publisherOxfam Colombiaen_US
dc.publisherOxfam Indiaen_US
dc.publisherOxfam Mexicoen_US
dc.publisherOxfam South Africaen_US
dc.publisherRoutledgeen_US
dc.relation.urlhttp://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/breaking-new-ground-womens-employment-in-indias-nrega-the-pandemic-lifeline-621431
dc.subjectGenderen_US
dc.titleBreaking new ground: women’s employment in India’s NREGA, the pandemic lifelineen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.identifier.eissn1364-9221
dc.identifier.journalGender & Developmenten_US
oxfam.signoff.statusFor public use. Can be shared outside Oxfamen_US
oxfam.subject.countryIndiaen_US
oxfam.subject.keywordNational Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)en_US
oxfam.subject.keywordwomen workersen_US
oxfam.subject.keywordminimum wagesen_US
oxfam.subject.keywordchild careen_US
oxfam.subject.keywordKerala Kudumbashreeen_US
prism.issuenameA Gender-Responsive Recovery: Ensuring Women’s Decent Work and Transforming Care Provisionen_US
prism.number2en_US
prism.volume30en_US


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