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    Reframing women's empowerment in water security programmes in Western Nepal

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    Author(s)
    Leder, Stephanie,
    Clement, Floriane
    Karki, Emma
    Editor(s)
    Sweetman, Caroline
    Publication date
    2017-07-13
    Subject
    Gender
    Water, sanitation and hygiene
    Keywords
    Intersectionality
    WASH
    Water, sanitation and hygiene
    Women's empowerment
    Water security
    Multiple-use water systems
    Feminisation of agriculture
    Complex inequalities
    Gender and Development Journal
    GaD
    Country
    Nepal
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher(s)
    Oxfam GB
    Routledge
    Journal
    Gender & Development
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10546/620311
    DOI
    10.1080/13552074.2017.1335452
    Document type
    Journal article
    Language
    English
    Description
    Water security has become the new buzzword for water and development programmes in the rural South. The concept has potential to focus policymakers and practitioners on the inequalities and injustices that lie behind lack of access to affordable, safe, and clean water. The concept of women’s empowerment also provides an opportunity to do this. However, the vast majority of water security interventions using the term are apolitically and technically framed and fail to understand complex intersectional inequalities. We suspect that many of these interventions have been implemented following a business-as-usual approach with the risk of reproducing and even exacerbating existing gendered inequalities in access to and control over water. This article explores these concerns in the context of four villages in Western Nepal, where two internationally funded programmes aimed to empower women by improving access to water for both domestic and productive uses. They hoped to transform women into rural entrepreneurs and grassroots leaders. However, differences between women – such as age, marital status, caste, remittance flow, and land ownership – led to some women benefiting more than others. Water programmes must recognise and address difference between women if the poorest and most disadvantaged women are to benefit. Gender mainstreaming in the water sector needs to update its understanding of women’s empowerment in line with current feminist understandings of it as a processual, relational, and multi-dimensional concept. This means focusing on interhousehold relations within communities, as well as intra-household relations. In addition, we recommend that water security programmes rely on more nuanced and context-specific understandings of women’s empowerment that go beyond enhanced access to resources and opportunities to develop agency to include social networks, critical consciousness, and values. This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the <a href="http://www.genderanddevelopment.org">Gender and Development</a> website.
    Pages
    16
    EISSN
    1364-9221
    ISBN
    1355-2074
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/13552074.2017.1335452
    Scopus Count
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